Universal red dye and method of producing the same.



UNITED STATES PafraNT ormoa' CHARLES C. HUFFMAN, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS,ASSIGNOB TO SUNIBEAM CHEMICAL COMPAIIY, OF CHICAGQJILLINOIS, ACORPORATION OF ILLINOIS.

UNIVERSAL RED DYE AND METHOD OF PRODUCING THE SAME.

Ho Drawing.

To all whom itma concern: I

Be it known t at '1, CHARLES C. Horr- MAN a citizen of the UnitedStates, and resident of Chicago, in the county of Cook andState ofIllinois, have discovered a certain-new and useful Universal Red Dye andMethods of Producing the Same, of which the followin is a spec ation.

-My discovery re ates to dyes and par- 'ticularly to a novel red dyesoap having the same whether a large or small quantity is employed andwhether it is used in hot or cold water. 'It is preferabl used with hotwater for the reason that t e soap will not act to thoroughly cleansethe article unless the water is hot. The effect of deepening the shadesby the use of hot water is not resent and this is of at importance if 1tbe desired to repr uce certain colors.

The ordinary user has no means of determiningwhether the "same temerature is \employed in each instance. Nelther would be able todetermine whether exactly the same quantit of the dyeing material wasemployed. y the use of my product the colors may be duplicated with easeand certainty. p My improved dye soap should not be confused with thosein which the soap acts merely as a carrier or vehicle for the dye, asthefollowing description will show that the final roduct is the resultof peculiar reactions which take place between the dye and the elementsof the soap and which product could not be secured by the use of thematerials heretofore employed or as heretofore combined. By reason ofthe novelprocess of compounding and the selection of substances whichenter into the compound, a dye is roduced which is equal if not superiorto tliose which require boiling and the addition of a mordant forsetting the color.

An important distinction of my dye soap Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed Septembier 24, 1917. Serial no. 192,074.

Patented July 30, 1918'.

over any such article heretofore produced is that t e soap'ismanufactured by the cold process and many advantages result therefrom.

A further important distinction of the dyes roduced by me is that theyare alkali proof, irrespective of the characteristics of the dyes thatis, basic neutral or acid, be fore combining in the soap.

A still further distinction is that the d es are universal, that is,adaptablelto eit er cotton, wool, silk or flax, or mixtures thereof.

One of the important advantages following the use of the methoddisclosed is that of allowing the glycerol, which is a by-product of thesaponlfication process, to remain in the pyoduct. This is liberated whenthe soap is dissolved and cooperates with the dye'in attacking thefabric. Furthermore, it assists in fixing the colors following theapplication of heat, as in the act of ironing, a er the fabric has beendried.

The composition and the method of reparing it will now be described indetail.

In order to establish a basis for the proportions of ingredients, itwill be assumed that it is desired to produce five gross of one ouncebars of the soap. To produce this quantity, three llons and forty-twoounces of vegetable oil and one gallon and twenty-four ounces of sodiumhydroxid (NaOH) of a specific gravity of 1.40 at F. are combined. Theoil or oils used may be varied. Olive, soy bean, raisin, peanut, crudecorn, or any vegetable oil may be used separately or combined withcocoanut oil. The proportions of the cocoanut oil and other 0118 willvary according to weather conditions. Under normal conditions onegallon, fourteen ounces of cocoanut oil will be emplo ed to two allons,twenty-eight ounces 0 the other oils. In warm, dry weather theproportion of cocoanut 011 should be lessened and increased in water andadded to the incompletely saponified soap mixture. The heat of thereaction together-with the heat supplied in the boilmg water serves toraise the temperature of .105 which is dissolved in one gallon ofboiling elimination of a molecule of water.

at the the the The exact formula of the resulting dye has not beendetermined. It is, however, materially different from the formula of theanilin acid red and is universal and alkali proof. The difi'erentshades, such as tlesh, pink, rose pink, etc., are produced by lesseningthe quantity of the dye employed in the original compound. 'hen the soapis used the color is not. changed or deepei'ied by employing a watersolution of varying temperatures. The color will be the same whethercold or hot water is used.

To produce orange, salmon and similar shades, red and chrysoidin areseparately dissolved,'each in two quarts of boiling water and separatelyadded to the soap compound. The chrysoidin solution is first added andafter the reaction is complete. the red solu tion is added.

Lavender, old rose, purple and similar shades are made by dissolving redand methylene blue, each in two quarts of boiling water. In thisinstance the red is first added to the soap compound and then the blue.By following the method described there will be no precipitation of theditl'erent. colors although in ordinary practice this would occur.

After allowing a few minutes for the re action to take )lace and afterthe dye has become thoroughly mixed with the soap, the soap is pouredinto molds where it is allowed to remain at a temperature of about 80 l.for forty-eight hours.

By comparison of the pro mrtionsot vegetable oil and sodium hydroxid it.will be noticed that there is a substantial excess of the latter evenwhen the water containing the dye is added. Of course, the amount of thesaponifying agent. may be varied somewhat but in any case an excessshould be employed.

It will he noted that the glycerol is not removed from the product. andtherefore. will be released as the soap is dissolved. It. will heabsorbed by the fabric along with the dye aml will assist in fixing the.dye when heat is applied to the fabric as in ironing. It hasfurtlu-rmore, an advantageous ell'ect on the fabric in softening thesame aml brightening the colors.

In use the soap and the garment or fabric to be dyed are introduced intohot water and the soap is a plied directly tothe fabric to thoroughlycleanse the same. liven though the soap is applied locally or only inspots the coloring will be even. lfiu'thermorc. the hands or containerwill not. be colored.

the. mixture to approximately 122" F., which time the color acid reactswith excess of sodium hydroxid forming sodium salt of the color acidwith .\t'ter the article is cleansed and dyed it is rinsed in cold waterand dried in the \ts l manner. The dye will be found to be alkali proof.

lt. will he noted that the soap is manufactured by the cold process. Byreason of this process of maiuifzu'ture I am enabled to secure anabsolutely uniform product with regard to the colors produced. The, lowtemperaturesemployed are much more easily controlled and the necessaryreaction between the soap and the dye is completed with a certaintywhich is not possible in a settled soap.

1 claim:

1. A universal, alkali proof red dye combined with soap which consistsof the reaction produetsot an anilin acid red which has been added to asoap solution containing an excess of sodium hydroxid, substantially asdescribed.

3. The method of producing a universal, alkali proof anilin acid red dyecombined with soap which consists in combining a vegetable oil and aquantity of sodimn hydroxid in excess of that required forsaponitication, then dissolving anilin acid red in hot. water and addingthe dye solution to the saponitied, solution just before saponifica tionis completed, then thoroughly mixing, aml then molding the soap,substantially as described.

ll. The method of producing an alkali proof, universal anilin acid reddye combined with soap, which consists in saponifying a vegetable oilwith a substantial excess of the saponitying agent, then dissolvinganilin acid red in water and adding the same to the soap solution priorto the complete saponitication and without removal of glycerol from thesoap. the temperature of the compound after the addition of the dyebeing raised to substantially 122 F., then allowing the reaction to becompleted and finally allowing solidification, substantially asdescribed.

4. A dye soap formed by combining approximately four hundred andtwenty-six parts of a vegetable oil and one hundred and titty-two partsof sodium bydroxid of a specitic gravity of 1.40 at F., then adding tothe compound just prior to complete sapouiiication, o'ne hundred andtweut veight parts of hot water in which substantially eight ounces ofanilin acid red has been dissolved, substantially as described.

Signed at (hit-ago, Hcptemher, ltll'i'.

CHARLES (T. HUFFMAN.

1 ll., this 22nd day of l.'it ness:

'1. 1). Burton.

